The show is hosted by William Shatner.
It features celebrity contestants living in a space station, who will compete in challenges.
Eureka Productions chief executive officer Chris Culvenor said Stars on Mars would be the biggest budget unscripted series to be shot in SA.
"We're thrilled to bring the production of Stars on Mars to Australia, providing hundreds of jobs within the Australian entertainment industry while also showcasing Coober Pedy," he said.
"This unique and stunning location offers the ideal setting to recreate the surface of Mars."
SA arts minister Andrea Michaels said having an international project of such a scale would build workforce capacity and broaden the production capability of the state.
"Stars on Mars will strengthen SA's position as a premier location for TV format productions and open the door to more large-scale international and domestic productions to drive investment in local industry," she said.
